PARASAUROLOPHUS
Updated 04-May-2020.
Mondo shtuff from around the internet, all about PARASAUROLOPHUS!
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How Much Do You Know About Parasaurolophus?: One of the world’s most recognizable dinosaurs, the long-crested Parasaurolophus is still a bit of a mystery. Here are 10 Parasaurolophus facts.
Charonosaurus jiayinensis n.g., n.sp.,a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of northeastern ChinaCharonosaurus jiayinensis n.g., n.sp., un dinosaure lambéosauriné du Maastrichtien supérieur du Nord-Est de la Chine.: Large bonebeds have been excavated in the Late Maastrichian Yuliangze Formation near Jiayin (Heilongjang Province, northeastern China). The greatest part of the discovered fossils belong to a new lambeosaurine dinosaur, Charonosaurus jiayinensis n.g., n.sp. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 33 cranial, dental and postcranial characters, indicates that this new taxon may be closer to Parasaurolophus than any other known Lambeosaurinae. The Late Maastrichtian dinosaur faunas currently known in northeastern Asia are dominated by Lambeosaurinae, although these dinosaurs are not represented any more in synchronous North American and European localities.
My botty best at summarizing from Wikipedia: three species are universally recognized . a fourth species, P. jiayensis, has been proposed . remains are known from Alberta (Canada), New Mexico and Utah (United States) the genus was first described in 1922 by William Parks from a skull and partial skeleton found in Alberta . it is known for its large, elaborate cranial crest, which at its largest forms a the length of the type specimen of P. walkeri is estimated at 9.5 m (31 ft) it is one of the rarer hadrosaurids, known from only a handful of good specimens a ligament ran from the crest to the notch to support the head . skin impressions are known for P. walkeri . parasaurolophus is sometimes restored with a skin flap from the crest to the neck . it is based on ROM 768, a skull and partial skeleton missing most of the tail and hind legs William Parks named the specimen P. walkeri in honor of Sir Byron Edmund Walker . parasaurolophus remains are rare in Alberta, with only one other partial skull . in some faunal lists, there is in 1921, Charles H. Sternberg recovered a partial skull in San Juan County, new Mexico . it was sent to Uppsala, Sweden, where Carl Wiman described it as a second species . john ostrom described another good specimen from new Mexico as P. cyrtocristatus in 1961 . it includes a partial skull with a short, rounded crest, and much of the postcra one skull has been found in Utah with the short/round P. cyrtocristatus crest morphology . all of them can be distinguished from each other, and have many differences . the first named species all known specimens of P. tubicen come from the De-Na-Zin Member of the Kirtland Formation . in 1961, the third species, P. cyrtocristatus was named the second specimen, the first known from the Kaiparowits Formation, was originally unassigned to a specific taxon . the type material of P. cyrtocristatus is about 72% the study: Charonosaurus jiayensis was actually nested deep inside Parasaurolophus . it created the new species P. jyayentsis, known from two continent cyrtocristatus may be the most basal of the three known Parasaurolophus species . it may represent subadult or female specimens of P. tubicen . lambeosauri the juvenile was discovered in the Kaiparowits Formation in 2009 . it is the most complete, as well as youngest Parasaurolophus ever found . no complete skull of the intermediate age between RAM 14000 and adult Para the juvenile show that crest growth of Parasaurolophus began sooner than in related genera . it has been suggested that adults bore such large crests because of age difference . the crest of the juvenile is not long and the skull was split down the middle by erosion, possibly when it was resting on the bottom of a river bed . after reconstruction, the skull viewed from the side resembles other juvenile lambeosaurines found many of the smaller neural canals and foramina could not be identified for certain . it is not clear which was most significant at what times in the evolution of the crest and its internal nasal passages . a recent restudy of a juvenile braincase provides evidence that a small tubular crest was present in juveniles . juvenile Parasaurolophus probably had small, rounded crests that probably grew the growth of the crest in Parasaurolophus and the facial profile of juvenile individuals differed from the Corythosaurus-Hypacrosaurus-Lambeosaurous model . in part many hypotheses have been discredited or rejected . there is no hole at the end of the crest for a snorkeling function . as an airlock, it would not have kept out water . there are no proposals to explain why the crest has such a shape or why other lambeosaurids should have crests that look much different but perform a similar function . work on the nasal cavity of Evans published an argument about the functions of lambeosaurine crests . he supported why this could be a causing factor for the evolution of the crest . this function was originally suggested by Wiman in 19 the nasal tubes of Hypacrosaurus, Corythosaurus, and Lambeosaurous are much more variable and complicated than the airway of Parasaurolophus . weishampel in 1981 suggested that the hadrosaurid lagena is elongate like a crocodilian’s, indicating that the auditory portion of the inner ear was well-developed . this suggests that adult had social and physiological functions have become more supported as function(s) of the crest . crest has clear value as a visual signal and sets this animal apart from its contemporaries . large size of hadrosauri parks published a second interpretation of this, as a ligament attachment to support the head . the skeleton shows a v-shaped gap or notch in the vertebrae at the base of the neck . the notch is still considered more likely to be a pathology . the fourth, fifth, and sixth vertebrae were damaged . it was a rare constituent of this fauna. the climate was warmer than present-day Alberta, without frost, but with wetter and drier seasons . the presence of Parasaurolophus and Kritosaurus in northern latitude fossil sites may represent faunal both taxa are uncommon outside of the southern biome . along with Pentaceratops, they are predominate members of the fauna . when Parasaurolophus existed, the Fruitland Formation was swampy the fishes are represented by the two species Melvius chauliodous and Myledalphus bipartitus . the crurotarsans include Brachychampsa montana and one pterosaur is known, named Navajodactylus boerei . turtles are fairly plentiful, and are known from Denazinemys nodossa, Basile the site of the Kaiparowits Formation was located near the western shore of the western interior seaway . the climate was wet and humid, and supported an abundant and diverse range of organisms . this formation contains one of a variety of early mammals were present including multituberculates, marsupials, and insectivorans . “Ten Facts About Parasaurolophus”. About.Com Dinosaurs. ” Hartman, Scott (2004). “Ornithischians: Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus”. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Hartman, Scott (2013). “Ornithischians: Parasaurolophus walkeri”. Hartman’s Skeletal Drawing.