Updated 05-May-2020.
Mondo shtuff from around the internet, all about CHICANO!
My botty best at summarizing from Wikipedia: both names exist as chosen identities within the Mexican-American community in the united states . Chicano identity hit a low point in the 1980s and 1990s, as many middle-class Mexican Americans adopted the terms Hispanic and the first documented use of the term as an ethnonym dates to 1911 . there is ample literary evidence to substantiate that Chicano is a long-standing endonym . community conscience reportedly remains strong among “x” in “mexihcatl” represents an // or “sh” sound in both Nahuatl and early modern Spanish . some Chicanos replace the ch with the letter x in Mexico’s Indigenous regions, mestizos and westernized natives are referred to as mexicanos . the notion of Aztlán, a mythical homeland, was critical in mobilizing many Mexican chicanos originally espoused the belief in a unifying mestizo identity . in the 1970s, chicano identity became further defined under a reverence for machismo . mach omission of Chicanas, masculine-focused foundations of chicano identity, created shift in consciousness . some Xicana/o activists and scholars formed a new ideological notion of Xicanism the term Latino refers to a native or inhabitant of Latin America or a person of Latin American origin living in the united states . the term was first brought up in the 1970s but it was not until the 1990s many Chicanos reject the term Hispanic . others prefer to identify themselves as: Mexican American; American of Mexican descent . mexicano/mexicana “Brown” mestizo; pardo. part/member of la Raza . californiano / calforniana; nue chicano was used as a racial slur by non-Mexican Americans to refer to Mexican American people . in the late 1950s, it was used by young Mexican-American high school students the term chicamo (with an m) was used as a derogatory term used by Hispanic Texans for recently arrived Mexican immigrants displaced during the Mexican revolution in the beginning of the early 20th century self-described Chicanos see chicano as a positive one of self-determination and political solidarity . the identity has been defined as “neither from here, nor from there” in reference to the US and in the 1990s, chicano writer Benjamin Alire Sáenz wrote “there is no such thing as the Chicano voice” the identity thus may be understood as somewhat ambiguous (e.g., Mexican- the term “chicano” was used in the mid-1960s by Mexican-American activists . it became an identity for Mexican Americans to assert their ethnic pride . Chicano identity became a celebration of non-whiteness chicano was only allowed to be selected as a subcategory underneath Spanish/Hispanic descent . this erased the visibility of Amerindian and African ancestries among Chicanos . chicanos pachuco political action has been documented by some as a precursor to the Chicano movement of the 1960s . by the late 1960s, Pachuco figure “had emerged as an icon of resistance in much chicano chicano nationalism called for the creation of a Chicano subject whose political identity was separate from the nation-state . julian zelizer: the masculinist subject in its calls for political resistance has since been the brown berets were critical in organizing the chicano Blowouts of 1968 . the term was the preferred term for reference to Mexican Americans in scholarly literature . but its use fell out of favor due to ignorance author: “the anglo press degradized the word ‘Chicano’. they use it to divide us” chicano cultural identity is commonly defined as embodying hybridity . Alicia gasper de Alba has positioned chicano culture as an “alter-Native culture” a former zootsuiter says racism and poverty created “gangs; we had to protect ourselves” chican barrios and colonias were founded in neglected districts of cities and outlying areas . some Chicano youth became susceptible to gang channels in a search for self-identity . pachuco/a culture out of the zootsuiter experience came lowrider cars and culture . clothes, music, tag names, and, again, its own graffiti language . policing of black and brown male bodies in particular “with mass media, Chicano culture became popular in both the united states and internationally . in Japan, the highlights of chicano cultural include the music, lowrider community, and the arts . the introduction of Chican debate over whether this should be termed cultural appropriation . Chicano was used by many as a reference to their Indigenous ancestry and roots. academic: Chicanos “de-Indigenized” due to “religious indoctrination” and “violent uprooting from the land” “being ‘Mexican’ is not a “this society is killing off urban mixed bloods through cultural genocide,” says anzalda . some Chicanos recognize a need to affirm the diversity of Indigenous peoples of Mexico and Indigenous ancestry the removal of Aztlán from M.E.Ch.A. may be a beginning of revising Chicano Indigenous consciousness . academic inés hernández-vila has emphasized how Chica middle-aged Chicanas often discuss feelings of being invisible . cultural expectation that chicana women should be “protected” by chicano men constricts agency . authors: “Mexican men and chicano men tend to learn about sex from peers and older male family members . looming threat of being labeled a joto (gay) for not engaging in sexual activity conditions many men “further homophobia” has proliferated among Chicano boys and men, author says . he says it’s constricting “balanced Indigenous sexuality” for anyone . Mexican Americans are three times the utilization rate of mental health services is lower among Chicanos . similar studies show lower comparative levels of distress in physical health . some scholars cite strong family connections, lower levels of smoking/drinking . loss of language, cultural rituals, and spiritual practices creates shame and despair . loss of culture and language often goes unmourned, because it is silenced and denied by those who occupy, conquer, or dominate people descended from Aztlan use the Chicano ideology to create a platform for fighting for immigration reform and equality for all people . many use the chicano ideologies to bring a revived politicized feeling the chicano generation rejects the “immigrant/foreigner” categorization status . the shared Spanish language and Catholic faith encourage a united Chicano folkloric tradition in the u.s ethnic cohesiveness is a resistance strategy to assimilation and cultural dissolution . scholar: chicana/o cinema has progressed through three fundamental stages since 1960s . first wave occurred from 1969 to some films of this era document the systematic oppression of chicanas/os in the united states . the second wave of Chicana/o film is still ongoing and overlaps with the third wave . early third wave films “do not accentuate Chicano oppression or resistance,” says Ramrez Berg . “yo soy Joaquin” is one of the first examples of explicitly chicano poetry . chicana writers have tended to focus on themes of identity, questioning how identity is constructed . characters in books such as Victuum and Gulf Dreams have intersected with themes of gender and sexuality . academic scholar: early Chicano novels allowed for androgynous characters to emerge on nonnormative sexuality . homosexuality was “far from being ignored during the 1960s and 1970s” in chicano literature . other Chicano/Mexican-American singers include Selena and Zack de la Rocha . a growing Tex-Mex polka band trend has influenced much new chicano folk music Shin Miyata owns a record label that re-releases Chicano music in Japan . Joan Baez included Hispanic themes in some of her protest folk songs . there are two undercurrents in group inspired by this includes Sir Douglas Quintet, Thee Midniters, Los Lobos, War, Tierra, and El Chicano . Trini Lopez, Santana, Malo, Aztec the Mars Volta combines elements of progressive rock with traditional Mexican folk music . the term was coined in 1971 by rock critic Dave Marsh in a review of their show . chicano artists were beginning to develop their own style of hip hop . rappers such as Ice-T and Easy-E shared their music and commercial insights . Chicano rapper Kid Frost is often cited as “the god MoNa (Sad Girl) is a chicano-style rapper based in Japan . he creates new rap music based on Chicano culture . preferred media for Chicana art are San Diego’s chicano park is home to the largest collection of Chicano murals in the world . artists like Charles “Chaz” Bojórquez developed an original style of graffiti art known as west coast some sources say Mexican-American graffiti culture in los Angeles was already “in full bloom” in the 1930s . chicano art emerged in the mid-60s as a necessary component to the civil rights movement in the southwest . Chicano performance art blends humor and pathos for tragicomic effect as shown by Culture Clash . Guillermo Gómez-Pea and Nao Bustamante is a chic lowrider cars also figure prominently as functional art in the Chicano community . the capital for chicano art in Japan is located in Osaka, Japan . Night Tha Funksta is one of the leading figures of Night focuses his art on the positive images of the Chicano culture and its roots . chicano art in Japan revolves around the theme of family and belonging in a community . it avoids gang-related activities John R. Chavez, The Lost Land: A Chicano Image of the American Southwest, Las Cruces: New Mexico State University Publications, 1984. Ignacio López-Calvo, Latino Los Angeles University of California Press, 2006. Michael A. Olivas, Colored Men and Hombres Aqu: Hernandez V. Texas and the Emergence of Mexican American Lawyering. Arte Pblico Press. 2006. Randy J Gregorio Riviera and Tino Villanueva (eds. ), MAGINE: Literary Arts Journal. Special Issue on Chicano Art. Vol. 3, Nos. & 2. Boston: Imagine Publishers. 1986. F. Arturo Rosales, Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. Houston, Texas: Arte Publico Press, 1996.