CYTOKINESIS
Updated 05-May-2020.
Mondo shtuff from around the internet, all about CYTOKINESIS!
Definition of CYTOKINESIS: the cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis; cleavage of the cytoplasm into daughter cells following nuclear division… See the full definition
Cytokinesis | Meaning of Cytokinesis by Lexico: What does cytokinesis mean? cytokinesis is defined by the lexicographers at Oxford Dictionaries as The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter …
My botty best at summarizing from Wikipedia: cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells . chromosome number and complement are maintained from one generation to the next . daughter cells will be functional copies of the parent cell plants differ from animal cytokinesis partly because of rigidity of plant cell walls . plant cells form in cytoplasm and grow into doubled cell wall between plant daughter cells . polar bodies in most species die without function a bacterial cell has only a single chromosome in the form of a closed loop . bacteria construct no mitotic spindle in cell division . differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic the term was coined by Charles Otis Whitman in 1887 . it is from Greek (kytos, a hollow) decline of CDK1 activity during anaphase leads to dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites . chromosomal passenger complex subunit removed from central spindle during metaphase . removal of phosphorylated CD centralspindlin binds to the central spindle as higher-order clusters . cluster formation promoted by phosphorylation of MLKP1 by Aurora B . mechanism by which the spindle determines the division plane in animal cells is a mystery . furrow induction is induced by a positive stimulus that originates in the central spindles equator . genetic and laser-micromanipulation studies in C. elegans embryos have shown that the spindle sends two redundant signals to the cell cortex . a third hypothesis is the astral relaxation hypothesis . the contractile ring assembles equatorially (in the middle of the cell) at the cell cortex (adjacent to the cell membrane) the key components of this ring are the filamentous protein actin the RhoA pathway promotes assembly of the actin-myosin ring by two main effectors . the pathway stimulates nucleation of unbranched actin filaments by activation of formins besides actin and myosin II, the contractile ring contains the scaffolding protein anillin . another protein, septin, has been speculated to serve as a structural scaffold . contraction of the act myosin II uses free energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed to move along actin filaments . continued hydrolysis causes this cleavage furrow to ingress (move inwards) most animal abscission proceeds by removal of cytoskeletal structures from the cytokinetic bridge . microtubules overlap at the midbody, which is thought to be a targeting platform . complete cortical constric actin filament disassembly during late cytokinesis depends on PKC–14-3-3 complex . phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatas after cytokinesis, non-kinetochore microtubules reorganize and disappear into a new cytoskeleton . the cell cycle returns to interphase and allows for separation of chro the edges of the cell plate fuse with the parental plasma membrane, often in an asymmetrical fashion . the construction of the new cell wall begins within the lumen of the narrow tubules of the young cell plate . cellulose is the primary component of a mature cell wall . the middle lamella develops from the cell plate . since Myosins are recruited to the medial region, the contractile forces acting on the cortex (2006), Annual Review of Cell Biology 75, 543-66 Campbell Biology (2010), 580-582 More description and nice images of cell division in plants, with a focus on fluorescence microscopy Nanninga N (June Rev. 65 (2): 319–33. doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.2.319-333.2001. PMC 99029. PMID 11381104.